Aswan is the capital of Aswan Governorate in Egypt. Historically, Aswan was considered one of the most important cities in southern Egypt and its southern gateway, as the first waterfall of the Nile River was located to its south, which represented a natural border between Upper Egypt and Nubia. The city is located on the eastern bank of the Nile River. It is connected to Cairo by a railway, desert and agricultural land roads, Nile boats, and local flights. Its population is approximately 900 thousand people. It is one of the creative cities registered on the UNESCO list in the field of crafts and arts since 2005 AD.